84 pages 2 hours read

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1943

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Book 1, Chapters 1-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 1, Chapter 1 Summary

In the summer of 1912, 11-year-old Francie Nolan sits on the fire escape of her home in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, gazing at the tree in her yard, whose species is known as Tree of Heaven, and wishing she were “living in a tree” as she often does (6). Since it is Saturday, Francie and her little brother, Neeley, take the scrap metal they have gathered all week from the trash and the streets to a person they call “the junkie,” to whom they sell the metal for spare change. Though this is a habit for Francie and all the other children in the area, Francie still feels “ashamed” about having to sift through the garbage. Francie is the one who approaches the junkie because “he liked girls better than boys” (8). She returns with the money, and Neeley splits it evenly between them. He allows Francie to keep an extra penny since she allowed the junkie to “pinch […] her cheek,” a gesture that warrants extra cash (8).

Neeley and Francie then fan out to separate candy and trinket shops, where they barter their freshly earned pennies for small sweets. After Francie walks around for several hours, she returns home to find that her mother, Katie, needs her to run some errands. Francie begrudgingly but dutifully goes to the various shops indicated by her mother, gathering the ingredients for the family’s dinner. That evening, Francie, Katie, and Neeley enjoy dinner, dessert, and coffee while their alcoholic father is out searching for work. Francie then goes out for the family’s supply of “stale bread.” Francie brings a bag to put the bread in so she won’t look poor. While she is buying the stale bread, she sees some old men sleeping on a bench and decides to make up a backstory in her head for one of them. In doing so, Francie has an epiphany: Everyone grows old. This thought terrifies her, so she runs home and into the safety of her covers.

At home, Neeley is about to play baseball with some friends. She asks to tag along, but he refuses. She follows anyway. On the walk to the park, Neeley and his friends bully a small Jewish boy. For a moment, Neeley tries to defend the boy, but the other boys won’t hear of it. Francie then watches them play baseball until the library opens, at which point she heads toward the library.

Book 1, Chapter 2 Summary

Francie arrives at the library, which she likens to “church” for its sanctity and ability to bring her peace and joy. As soon as she gets inside, she looks for the bowl that always sits on the librarian’s desk; it is a pottery jug whose contents change with the seasons, and she is pleased to see that it is holding nasturtiums today. Francie is reading all the books in alphabetical order and is currently in the Bs. She brings a book home and sits on the fire escape with some candy and water, intermittently reading and people-watching. She sees her neighbor and his horse, Bob, come home and spends some time watching Bob, another of her favorite activities. Some boys grouped near Bob throw a rock at him, but his owner, Frank, wards them off. Francie then watches one of the downstairs neighbors, Flossie, try to flirt with Frank, but he gives her the cold shoulder. Francie muses to herself that Flossie acts too desperate and therefore will never get Frank or any other man.

Book 1, Chapter 3 Summary

By late afternoon, Francie has finished her book, and her father has returned home from his job search. He is jovial since he has found work at a wedding party for the evening. He eats his leftover dinner and talks to Francie while she irons his work uniform. He tells her how grateful he is to be part of a union; they have done so much to help him secure good work. Francie thinks back to the one time she visited her father at Union Headquarters. He seemed to be in good company and proud of her. However, she overheard two men talking about his drinking habits and for a moment questioned her father’s worth. She then quickly dashed that thought aside, assuring herself that “everyone loved her father” (33).

Back in the present, Francie listens to her father talk about his parents’ lack of education and difficult life as Irish immigrants. He tells her he wanted to be a “real singer” but gave up that dream when his father died. He blames his drinking on his failure to make enough money as a “singing-waiter.” Francie is used to this speech, as he often gives it on Saturdays, but she is startled when he reveals that he “never wanted a family” and is “not a happy man” (35). She takes this comment personally. He goes on to talk about how he fell in love with Katie.

During this discussion, Francie admonishes herself for preferring her father to her mother. She knows that her father is right when he calls Katie “a good woman,” but she can’t help but like her father better (35). Her father catches a glimpse of Francie ironing his clothes and starts to feel badly about his choices as a father. In hopes of cheering her up, he tells her he plans on betting on a horse, winning, and taking her for a trip down South. He then sends her out to fetch some items he needs for work that night. Francie helps him get ready for work and feels “proud” when she sees him off to the trolley.

Book 1, Chapter 4 Summary

After Francie leaves her father, she heads to Flossie’s so she can see Flossie’s costume for the masquerade ball that night. Flossie is the sole supporter of her mother and brother. Her brother, Henny, is ill and believes he is dying. When Francie gets to Flossie’s, she spends a few uncomfortable seconds with Henny and then moves on to admiring Flossie’s costume. Flossie designs a new costume for the ball each week and always wins first place. Her right arm is deformed from a childhood accident, so the costumes are one way she is able to hide her abnormality. While Francie is taking in the gorgeous purple outfit Flossie has devised for the evening, she gets the distinct sensation that death is lurking somewhere near her.

Book 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Back at home, Aunt Sissy and Katie have returned from their show. Francie is excited because Aunt Sissy is her favorite aunt, as she is rather “exciting” and “wild,” having already been married three times. She brings Francie a toy to play with but tells Francie she can’t stay for dinner, since she needs to get home to her husband. Francie tries to tell her mother about the epiphany she had about getting older earlier that day, but her mother brushes it off, saying death is just a fact of life. Francie sees the accuracy in this but still can’t subdue the fear. Francie then thinks about her mother’s ability to make the staples the family can afford—stale bread and potatoes—taste so good in so many ways. She does admit to herself that sometimes eating the same food so often gets tiresome. During those times, she often treats herself to a pickle, which she will eat slowly over the whole day.

Book 1, Chapters 1-5 Analysis

In this opening section, it becomes clear that young Francie Nolan is the star of the Nolan show. What comes across more subtly is Francie’s bravery, although the word “brave” is never used to describe her. Francie’s bravery can be seen in many small instances, such as when she goes to barter with Mr. Sauerwein even though he is known to be disagreeable, or when she brusquely demands her portion of bread and pies, all while shirking off other children trying to bully her. Her bravery also shows in her insistence on heading out with Neeley and the boys to play baseball, even when they made it clear she was unwanted. In all these cases, she perseveres despite various obstacles, proving her capacity for might and bravery.

Outside of Francie’s bravery, the fact that she and her family are poor shapes much of their existence. The long, lush descriptions Francie dedicates to the food and clothing she encounters show her deep appreciation for things the upper class often considers trivial. It is also evident in Francie’s desire to live vicariously through others. Her love for library books, her visit to Flossie’s, and the hours spent watching Neeley and his friends all point to a girl who is uncomfortable in her current constraints.

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